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Panduan Migrasi Cloud: Dari Perencanaan hingga Eksekusi

cloud, migration, infrastructure, planning, devops

Cloud Migration

Migrasi cloud bukanlah sekadar memindahkan server dari satu tempat ke tempat lain. Ini adalah proses kompleks yang memerlukan perencanaan matang, eksekusi yang tepat, dan monitoring berkelanjutan. Setelah mengalami berbagai skenario migrasi, dari startup hingga enterprise scale, artikel ini menyajikan panduan praktis berdasarkan pengalaman riil tanpa embel-embel marketing atau janji-janji muluk.

Realitas migrasi cloud: 70% project melebihi timeline, 60% melebihi budget, dan 40% mengalami performance issues post-migration. Bukan untuk menakut-nakuti, tapi untuk mempersiapkan ekspektasi yang realistis.

Engineering Challenges dan Pre-Migration Issues #

Kondisi yang Sering Terjadi dan Harus Diperbaiki #

Performance Issues yang Existing:

Jangan pernah migrate aplikasi yang sudah bermasalah performance. Cloud bukan magic bullet yang akan menyelesaikan fundamental performance issues. Sebaliknya, network latency dan shared resources di cloud bisa memperparah masalah yang sudah ada.

Database Performance Problems:

Application Architecture Problems:

Structural Problems yang Mempersulit Migration #

1. Monolithic Architecture dengan Tight Coupling

Common Issues:

Problems:

Solution Strategy:

2. Database Issues yang Critical

Massive Database Tables:

Solution Strategy:

Schema Design Problems:

Solution Strategy:

3. File System Dependencies

Common Issues:

Solution Strategy:

Legacy Technology Stack Issues #

4. Outdated Dependencies dan Security Vulnerabilities

Common Issues:

Impact pada Migration:

Solution Strategy:

5. Configuration Management Chaos

Common Issues:

Impact pada Migration:

Solution Strategy:

Network Dependencies dan Infrastructure Coupling #

6. Network Architecture yang Tidak Cloud-Ready

Common Issues:

Impact pada Migration:

Solution Strategy:

Performance Anti-Patterns #

7. Memory dan Resource Management Issues

Common Issues:

Impact pada Migration:

Solution Strategy:

Pre-Migration Remediation Strategy #

Assessment Framework:

Key Assessment Areas:

Migration Readiness Scoring:

Migration Go/No-Go Criteria:

Critical Blockers (Must Fix):

Must Fix Before Migration:

Recommended Improvements:

Migration Decision Matrix:

Downtime Management Strategy #

Kategori Downtime dan Mitigation #

1. Zero-Downtime Migration

2. Minimal Downtime (< 4 jam)

3. Planned Downtime (4-24 jam)

4. Extended Downtime (> 24 jam)

Downtime Minimization Techniques #

Database Migration Strategies:

Online Migration:

Application Migration Strategies:

Traffic Shifting:

Session Management:

Communication Management #

Pre-Migration Communication (2-4 weeks before):

During Migration Communication:

Post-Migration Communication:

Business Continuity Planning #

Critical Service Identification:

Failover Procedures:

Recovery Time Objectives:

Risk Mitigation #

Pre-Migration Testing:

During Migration Monitoring:

Rollback Criteria dan Procedures:

Stakeholder Management #

Executive Communication:

Technical Team Coordination:

User Support:

Fase Perencanaan #

1. Inventory dan Assessment #

Tahap ini adalah foundation dari seluruh project. Tidak ada yang lebih berbahaya daripada surprises di tengah migration. Discovery process yang incomplete akan menjadi bumerang di kemudian hari.

Yang Harus Dilakukan Secara Detail:

Application Discovery:

Infrastructure Mapping:

Compliance dan Security Assessment:

Performance Baseline:

Tools untuk Discovery (Multi-Cloud):

AWS:

# AWS Application Discovery Service
aws discovery start-data-collection-by-agent-ids \
  --agent-ids "agent-1" "agent-2"

# AWS Config untuk compliance scanning
aws configservice get-compliance-details-by-config-rule \
  --config-rule-name required-tags

Azure:

# Azure Migrate assessment
New-AzMigrateProject -Name "Migration-Assessment" \
  -ResourceGroupName "Migration-RG" \
  -Location "East US"

# Azure Security Center assessment
Get-AzSecurityAssessment | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq "Unhealthy"}

Google Cloud:

# Cloud Asset Inventory
gcloud asset search-all-resources \
  --scope=projects/PROJECT_ID \
  --asset-types=compute.googleapis.com/Instance

# Security Command Center findings
gcloud scc findings list organizations/ORG_ID \
  --filter="state=\"ACTIVE\""

Output yang Harus Dihasilkan:

2. Strategi Migrasi #

Pemilihan strategi migrasi bukan hanya tentang technical feasibility, tapi juga business priority, budget constraint, dan risk tolerance. Setiap pendekatan memiliki trade-off yang harus dipahami secara mendalam.

6R Strategy Framework (Gartner):

1. Rehost (Lift and Shift)

Contoh Implementation:

# AWS: EC2 instance migration
aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-12345678 \
  --instance-type m5.large --key-name migration-key

# Azure: VM migration
az vm create --resource-group MigrationRG \
  --name AppServer01 --image UbuntuLTS

# GCP: Compute Engine migration
gcloud compute instances create app-server-01 \
  --machine-type=n1-standard-2 --image-family=ubuntu-1804-lts

2. Replatform (Lift, Tinker, and Shift)

Database Replatform Examples:

# AWS RDS migration
aws rds create-db-instance \
  --db-instance-identifier myapp-db \
  --db-instance-class db.t3.medium \
  --engine mysql \
  --allocated-storage 100

# Azure Database for MySQL
az mysql server create \
  --resource-group MigrationRG \
  --name myapp-mysql-server \
  --sku-name GP_Gen5_2

# Google Cloud SQL
gcloud sql instances create myapp-mysql \
  --database-version=MYSQL_8_0 \
  --tier=db-n1-standard-2

3. Repurchase (Drop and Shop)

4. Refactor/Re-architect

Cloud-Native Architecture Examples:

# Kubernetes deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: app-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myapp
        image: myapp:v1.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080

5. Retire

6. Retain

Decision Matrix untuk Strategy Selection:

CriteriaRehostReplatformRefactorRepurchaseRetire
SpeedFastMediumSlowMediumFast
Cost OptimizationLowMediumHighVariableHighest
RiskLowMediumHighMediumLow
Cloud BenefitsMinimalPartialFullFullN/A
Effort RequiredLowMediumHighMediumLow

3. Timeline dan Phasing #

Migration yang sukses memerlukan pendekatan bertahap. Big bang migration adalah resep disaster. Phasing yang tepat memungkinkan learning dan course correction di setiap wave.

Detailed Wave Planning:

Wave 0: Foundation dan Pilot (Bulan 1-3)

Wave 1: Low-Risk Applications (Bulan 4-6)

Wave 2: Supporting Systems (Bulan 7-12)

Wave 3: Core Business Applications (Bulan 13-18)

Wave 4: Mission-Critical Systems (Bulan 19-24)

Application Categorization Matrix:

High Business Impact + Low Technical Complexity = Wave 2-3
High Business Impact + High Technical Complexity = Wave 4
Low Business Impact + Low Technical Complexity = Wave 1
Low Business Impact + High Technical Complexity = Wave 1-2 (atau Retire)

Timeline Dependencies:

Critical Path Factors:

Parallel Activities Timeline:

Month 1-2:  Infrastructure setup + Team training + Pilot planning
Month 3-4:  Pilot execution + Wave 1 planning + Tool refinement
Month 5-6:  Wave 1 execution + Wave 2 planning + Process optimization
Month 7-12: Wave 2 execution + Wave 3 planning + Continuous improvement
...

Struktur Tim dan Tanggung Jawab #

Migration Team Structure #

Core Migration Team:

Migration Lead / Solution Architect

Infrastructure Engineers (2-4 orang)

Application Migration Engineers (3-6 orang)

Database Specialists (1-2 orang)

DevOps Engineers (2-3 orang)

Security Engineer (1-2 orang)

Project Manager

Quality Assurance Engineers (2-3 orang)

Business Analysts/SMEs (per application)

Resource Allocation Model:

Team Composition per Wave:

Budget Distribution (Typical):

Risk Mitigation Strategies:

Dependency Management:

# Create dependency mapping
dependencies = {
  "app_a": ["database_1", "api_service"],
  "app_b": ["app_a", "storage_system"],
  "app_c": ["external_api", "message_queue"]
}

# Migration order berdasarkan dependencies
migration_order = topological_sort(dependencies)

Rollback Planning:

Communication Schedule:

Software Engineering Team Responsibilities #

Backend Development Team:

Pre-Migration Code Audit:

# Code audit untuk cloud compatibility
def audit_application_dependencies():
    """Audit semua dependencies untuk cloud compatibility"""
    dependencies = [
        "database_connections",
        "file_system_access", 
        "network_dependencies",
        "third_party_integrations",
        "environment_specific_configs"
    ]
    
    compatibility_issues = []
    for dep in dependencies:
        if not is_cloud_compatible(dep):
            compatibility_issues.append({
                "dependency": dep,
                "issue": analyze_compatibility_issue(dep),
                "remediation": suggest_remediation(dep)
            })
    
    return compatibility_issues

# Configuration externalization
DATABASE_URL = os.getenv('DATABASE_URL', 'localhost:5432')
API_KEY = os.getenv('API_KEY', 'default_key')
REDIS_HOST = os.getenv('REDIS_HOST', 'localhost')

Health Check Implementation:

// Health check endpoints untuk cloud load balancers
@RestController
public class HealthController {
    
    @Autowired
    private DatabaseHealthIndicator dbHealth;
    
    @GetMapping("/health")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> health() {
        Map<String, String> status = new HashMap<>();
        
        if (dbHealth.isHealthy()) {
            status.put("database", "UP");
        } else {
            status.put("database", "DOWN");
            return ResponseEntity.status(503).body(status);
        }
        
        status.put("status", "UP");
        return ResponseEntity.ok(status);
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/ready")
    public ResponseEntity<String> readiness() {
        if (applicationReadyForTraffic()) {
            return ResponseEntity.ok("READY");
        }
        return ResponseEntity.status(503).body("NOT_READY");
    }
}

Structured Logging:

import logging
import json
from datetime import datetime

class CloudLogger:
    def __init__(self, service_name, environment):
        self.service_name = service_name
        self.environment = environment
        
    def log_event(self, level, message, **kwargs):
        log_entry = {
            "timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
            "service": self.service_name,
            "environment": self.environment,
            "level": level,
            "message": message,
            "correlation_id": kwargs.get('correlation_id'),
            "additional_data": kwargs
        }
        
        logging.info(json.dumps(log_entry))

Frontend Development Team:

CDN Integration:

// Multi-cloud CDN configuration
const CloudAssetManager = {
    cdnConfig: {
        aws: 'https://cloudfront-domain.amazonaws.com',
        azure: 'https://azure-cdn-endpoint.azureedge.net',
        gcp: 'https://storage.googleapis.com/cdn-bucket'
    },
    
    getAssetUrl: function(assetPath, provider = 'aws') {
        const baseUrl = this.cdnConfig[provider];
        return `${baseUrl}/${assetPath}`;
    }
};

// Environment-specific configurations  
const CloudConfig = {
    development: {
        apiEndpoint: 'https://dev-api.company.com',
        enableDebug: true
    },
    production: {
        apiEndpoint: 'https://api.company.com',
        enableDebug: false
    }
};

Performance Monitoring:

class CloudPerformanceMonitor {
    trackPageLoad() {
        const perfData = performance.getEntriesByType('navigation')[0];
        const metrics = {
            timestamp: Date.now(),
            pageLoadTime: perfData.loadEventEnd - perfData.navigationStart,
            domContentLoaded: perfData.domContentLoadedEventEnd - perfData.navigationStart,
            environment: this.config.environment
        };
        
        this.sendMetrics(metrics);
    }
    
    sendMetrics(metrics) {
        fetch(`${this.config.metricsEndpoint}/performance`, {
            method: 'POST',
            headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
            body: JSON.stringify(metrics)
        });
    }
}

Database Team Responsibilities #

Schema Compatibility Check:

-- Audit stored procedures untuk cloud database compatibility
SELECT 
    routine_name,
    routine_type,
    routine_definition
FROM information_schema.routines 
WHERE routine_schema = 'your_database'
AND routine_type = 'PROCEDURE';

-- Check triggers yang mungkin tidak supported
SELECT 
    trigger_name,
    event_manipulation,
    event_object_table,
    action_statement
FROM information_schema.triggers
WHERE trigger_schema = 'your_database';

Migration Execution:

#!/bin/bash
# Database migration dengan minimal downtime

echo "Pre-migration validation..."
mysql -h source-db -u migration_user -p -e "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM critical_table;" > pre_count.txt

echo "Schema migration..."
mysqldump -h source-db -u migration_user -p --no-data --routines your_database > schema.sql
mysql -h target-db -u admin_user -p your_database < schema.sql

echo "Data validation..."
python3 validate_migration.py --source source-db --target target-db

Message Queue Team Responsibilities #

Kafka Migration:

from kafka import KafkaProducer, KafkaConsumer
from kafka.admin import KafkaAdminClient, NewTopic

class KafkaMigrator:
    def __init__(self, source_config, target_config):
        self.source_config = source_config
        self.target_config = target_config
        
    def migrate_topics(self, topic_list):
        # Create topics di target cluster
        admin_client = KafkaAdminClient(
            bootstrap_servers=self.target_config['bootstrap_servers']
        )
        
        new_topics = []
        for topic_name in topic_list:
            new_topic = NewTopic(
                name=topic_name,
                num_partitions=3,
                replication_factor=2
            )
            new_topics.append(new_topic)
        
        admin_client.create_topics(new_topics)
        
        # Migrate data
        for topic_name in topic_list:
            self.migrate_topic_data(topic_name)
    
    def migrate_topic_data(self, topic_name):
        consumer = KafkaConsumer(
            topic_name,
            bootstrap_servers=self.source_config['bootstrap_servers'],
            auto_offset_reset='earliest'
        )
        
        producer = KafkaProducer(
            bootstrap_servers=self.target_config['bootstrap_servers']
        )
        
        for message in consumer:
            producer.send(topic_name, value=message.value, key=message.key)
        
        producer.flush()
        producer.close()
        consumer.close()

Cloud-Managed Services:

# AWS MSK
aws kafka create-cluster \
  --cluster-name migration-kafka \
  --broker-node-group-info file://broker-info.json \
  --kafka-version "2.8.0"

# Azure Event Hubs  
az eventhubs namespace create \
  --resource-group Migration-RG \
  --name migration-eventhubs

# Google Pub/Sub
gcloud pubsub topics create migration-topic
gcloud pubsub subscriptions create migration-sub --topic=migration-topic

Persiapan Teknis #

1. Cloud Environment Setup #

Foundation yang solid adalah kunci sukses migration. Semua cloud provider memiliki pendekatan berbeda, tapi principles yang sama: security first, scalability by design, dan observability from day one.

Network Foundation (Multi-Cloud):

AWS VPC Setup:

# Create VPC
aws ec2 create-vpc --cidr-block 10.0.0.0/16 \
  --tag-specifications 'ResourceType=vpc,Tags=[{Key=Name,Value=Migration-VPC}]'

# Create subnets
aws ec2 create-subnet --vpc-id vpc-12345678 \
  --cidr-block 10.0.1.0/24 --availability-zone us-east-1a \
  --tag-specifications 'ResourceType=subnet,Tags=[{Key=Name,Value=Private-Subnet-1}]'

aws ec2 create-subnet --vpc-id vpc-12345678 \
  --cidr-block 10.0.2.0/24 --availability-zone us-east-1b \
  --tag-specifications 'ResourceType=subnet,Tags=[{Key=Name,Value=Public-Subnet-1}]'

# Internet Gateway
aws ec2 create-internet-gateway
aws ec2 attach-internet-gateway --vpc-id vpc-12345678 --internet-gateway-id igw-87654321

# NAT Gateway untuk private subnet internet access
aws ec2 create-nat-gateway --subnet-id subnet-12345678 \
  --allocation-id eipalloc-87654321

Azure Virtual Network Setup:

# Create Resource Group
New-AzResourceGroup -Name "Migration-RG" -Location "East US"

# Create Virtual Network
$virtualNetwork = New-AzVirtualNetwork \
  -ResourceGroupName "Migration-RG" \
  -Location "East US" \
  -Name "Migration-VNet" \
  -AddressPrefix "10.0.0.0/16"

# Create subnets
$subnetConfig1 = Add-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig \
  -Name "Private-Subnet" \
  -AddressPrefix "10.0.1.0/24" \
  -VirtualNetwork $virtualNetwork

$subnetConfig2 = Add-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig \
  -Name "Public-Subnet" \
  -AddressPrefix "10.0.2.0/24" \
  -VirtualNetwork $virtualNetwork

# Apply configuration
$virtualNetwork | Set-AzVirtualNetwork

# Network Security Group
New-AzNetworkSecurityGroup \
  -ResourceGroupName "Migration-RG" \
  -Location "East US" \
  -Name "Migration-NSG"

Google Cloud VPC Setup:

# Create VPC
gcloud compute networks create migration-vpc \
  --project=PROJECT_ID \
  --subnet-mode=custom \
  --mtu=1460 \
  --bgp-routing-mode=regional

# Create subnets
gcloud compute networks subnets create private-subnet \
  --project=PROJECT_ID \
  --range=10.0.1.0/24 \
  --network=migration-vpc \
  --region=us-central1

gcloud compute networks subnets create public-subnet \
  --project=PROJECT_ID \
  --range=10.0.2.0/24 \
  --network=migration-vpc \
  --region=us-central1

# Firewall rules
gcloud compute firewall-rules create allow-internal \
  --project=PROJECT_ID \
  --network=migration-vpc \
  --allow=tcp,udp,icmp \
  --source-ranges=10.0.0.0/16

Security Baseline (Multi-Cloud):

Identity and Access Management:

AWS IAM Policy Example:

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "ec2:DescribeInstances",
        "ec2:StartInstances",
        "ec2:StopInstances"
      ],
      "Resource": "*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "aws:RequestedRegion": ["us-east-1", "us-west-2"]
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

Azure RBAC Assignment:

# Create custom role
$role = Get-AzRoleDefinition "Virtual Machine Contributor"
$role.Id = $null
$role.Name = "Migration VM Operator"
$role.Description = "Can manage VMs for migration project"
$role.Actions.RemoveRange(0,$role.Actions.Count)
$role.Actions.Add("Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/*")
$role.Actions.Add("Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/read")
$role.AssignableScopes.Clear()
$role.AssignableScopes.Add("/subscriptions/SUBSCRIPTION_ID")

New-AzRoleDefinition -Role $role

# Assign role
New-AzRoleAssignment -SignInName user@domain.com \
  -RoleDefinitionName "Migration VM Operator" \
  -Scope "/subscriptions/SUBSCRIPTION_ID"

Google Cloud IAM:

# Create custom role
gcloud iam roles create migrationVmOperator \
  --project=PROJECT_ID \
  --title="Migration VM Operator" \
  --description="Custom role for migration project" \
  --permissions="compute.instances.get,compute.instances.start,compute.instances.stop"

# Bind user to role
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID \
  --member="user:user@domain.com" \
  --role="projects/PROJECT_ID/roles/migrationVmOperator"

Encryption Configuration:

AWS Encryption:

# S3 bucket encryption
aws s3api create-bucket --bucket migration-data-bucket \
  --create-bucket-configuration LocationConstraint=us-west-2

aws s3api put-bucket-encryption \
  --bucket migration-data-bucket \
  --server-side-encryption-configuration \
  '{"Rules":[{"ApplyServerSideEncryptionByDefault":{"SSEAlgorithm":"AES256"}}]}'

# EBS encryption
aws ec2 modify-ebs-default-kms-key-id --kms-key-id alias/migration-key
aws ec2 enable-ebs-encryption-by-default

Azure Encryption:

# Storage account encryption
$storageAccount = New-AzStorageAccount \
  -ResourceGroupName "Migration-RG" \
  -Name "migrationstorageacct" \
  -Location "East US" \
  -SkuName "Standard_LRS" \
  -Kind "StorageV2" \
  -EnableHttpsTrafficOnly $true

# Enable encryption
Set-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName "Migration-RG" \
  -AccountName "migrationstorageacct" \
  -EnableBlobEncryption $true \
  -EnableFileEncryption $true

Google Cloud Encryption:

# Create Cloud KMS key
gcloud kms keyrings create migration-keyring \
  --location=global

gcloud kms keys create migration-key \
  --location=global \
  --keyring=migration-keyring \
  --purpose=encryption

# Cloud Storage encryption
gsutil mb -p PROJECT_ID -c STANDARD -l US gs://migration-data-bucket
gsutil kms encryption -k projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/global/keyRings/migration-keyring/cryptoKeys/migration-key gs://migration-data-bucket

Connectivity Setup:

Hybrid Connectivity Options:

AWS Direct Connect:

# Create Virtual Interface
aws directconnect create-private-virtual-interface \
  --connection-id dxcon-123456789 \
  --new-private-virtual-interface \
  vlan=100,bgpAsn=65000,virtualInterfaceName=Migration-VIF,virtualGatewayId=vgw-12345678

Azure ExpressRoute:

# Create ExpressRoute circuit
New-AzExpressRouteCircuit \
  -Name "Migration-Circuit" \
  -ResourceGroupName "Migration-RG" \
  -Location "East US" \
  -SkuTier "Standard" \
  -SkuFamily "MeteredData" \
  -ServiceProviderName "Provider Name" \
  -PeeringLocation "Washington DC" \
  -BandwidthInMbps 1000

Google Cloud Interconnect:

# Create VLAN attachment
gcloud compute interconnects attachments create migration-attachment \
  --region=us-central1 \
  --router=migration-router \
  --interconnect=migration-interconnect \
  --vlan=100

DNS Strategy:

Multi-Cloud DNS Management:

# AWS Route53
aws route53 create-hosted-zone \
  --name migration.company.com \
  --caller-reference migration-$(date +%s)

# Azure DNS
az network dns zone create \
  --resource-group Migration-RG \
  --name migration.company.com

# Google Cloud DNS
gcloud dns managed-zones create migration-zone \
  --dns-name=migration.company.com. \
  --description="Migration project DNS zone"

2. Landing Zone Preparation #

Landing zone adalah foundational setup yang akan menentukan scalability, security, dan manageability dari cloud environment. Ini bukan hanya tentang account structure, tapi entire governance framework.

Multi-Account/Subscription Strategy:

AWS Organizations Structure:

# Create organization
aws organizations create-organization --feature-set ALL

# Create accounts
aws organizations create-account \
  --email migration-prod@company.com \
  --account-name "Migration-Production"

aws organizations create-account \
  --email migration-dev@company.com \
  --account-name "Migration-Development"

aws organizations create-account \
  --email migration-security@company.com \
  --account-name "Migration-Security"

Azure Management Groups:

# Create management group
New-AzManagementGroup -GroupName "Migration-MG" \
  -DisplayName "Migration Management Group"

# Create subscriptions under management group
New-AzSubscription -Name "Migration-Production" \
  -ManagementGroupId "Migration-MG"

New-AzSubscription -Name "Migration-Development" \
  -ManagementGroupId "Migration-MG"

Google Cloud Organization:

# Set organization policy
gcloud organizations set-policy ORGANIZATION_ID \
  --policy-file=policy.yaml

# Create projects
gcloud projects create migration-prod-PROJECT_ID \
  --organization=ORGANIZATION_ID \
  --name="Migration Production"

gcloud projects create migration-dev-PROJECT_ID \
  --organization=ORGANIZATION_ID \
  --name="Migration Development"

Account/Subscription Purpose:

Core Accounts:

Governance Framework:

Tagging Strategy (Consistent across clouds):

Required_Tags:
  Environment: [Production, Staging, Development]
  Application: [App-Name]
  Owner: [Team-Name]
  CostCenter: [Cost-Center-Code]
  Project: [Migration-Project-Code]
  Backup: [Daily, Weekly, None]
  Compliance: [PCI, HIPAA, SOX, None]

Optional_Tags:
  Schedule: [Business-Hours, 24x7, Weekend-Off]
  DataClassification: [Public, Internal, Confidential, Restricted]
  MaintenanceWindow: [Weekend, Weeknight, Anytime]

AWS Tagging Enforcement:

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Deny",
      "Action": [
        "ec2:RunInstances",
        "rds:CreateDBInstance"
      ],
      "Resource": "*",
      "Condition": {
        "Null": {
          "aws:RequestTag/Environment": "true",
          "aws:RequestTag/Application": "true",
          "aws:RequestTag/Owner": "true"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

Azure Policy Definition:

{
  "mode": "All",
  "policyRule": {
    "if": {
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "field": "tags['Environment']",
          "exists": "false"
        },
        {
          "field": "tags['Application']",
          "exists": "false"
        }
      ]
    },
    "then": {
      "effect": "deny"
    }
  }
}

Resource Naming Conventions:

Standard Pattern:

{company}-{environment}-{application}-{resource-type}-{region}-{instance}

Examples:
company-prod-webapp-vm-useast1-001
company-dev-api-db-uswest2-001
company-staging-cache-redis-euwest1-001

Multi-Cloud Implementation:

# AWS
aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-12345678 \
  --instance-type t3.medium \
  --tag-specifications 'ResourceType=instance,Tags=[{Key=Name,Value=company-prod-webapp-vm-useast1-001}]'

# Azure
az vm create --resource-group Migration-RG \
  --name company-prod-webapp-vm-useast-001 \
  --image UbuntuLTS \
  --tags Environment=Production Application=WebApp

# GCP
gcloud compute instances create company-prod-webapp-vm-uscentral1-001 \
  --machine-type=n1-standard-2 \
  --labels=environment=production,application=webapp

Cost Management Setup:

Budget Alerts (Multi-Cloud):

AWS Budgets:

aws budgets create-budget \
  --account-id 123456789012 \
  --budget '{
    "BudgetName": "Migration-Monthly-Budget",
    "BudgetLimit": {
      "Amount": "10000",
      "Unit": "USD"
    },
    "TimeUnit": "MONTHLY",
    "BudgetType": "COST"
  }'

Azure Budgets:

New-AzConsumptionBudget \
  -Name "Migration-Budget" \
  -Amount 10000 \
  -Category Cost \
  -TimeGrain Monthly \
  -StartDate "2025-01-01" \
  -EndDate "2025-12-31"

Google Cloud Budgets:

gcloud billing budgets create \
  --billing-account=BILLING_ACCOUNT_ID \
  --display-name="Migration Budget" \
  --budget-amount=10000USD

Backup Policies:

Cross-Cloud Backup Strategy:

Backup_Tiers:
  Tier_1_Critical:
    Frequency: "4 times daily"
    Retention: "30 days local, 365 days archive"
    RTO: "< 1 hour"
    RPO: "< 15 minutes"
    
  Tier_2_Important:
    Frequency: "Daily"
    Retention: "14 days local, 90 days archive"
    RTO: "< 4 hours"
    RPO: "< 1 hour"
    
  Tier_3_Standard:
    Frequency: "Weekly"
    Retention: "4 weeks local, 52 weeks archive"
    RTO: "< 24 hours"
    RPO: "< 24 hours"

Compliance Framework:

Multi-Cloud Compliance Monitoring:

AWS Config Rules:

aws configservice put-config-rule \
  --config-rule '{
    "ConfigRuleName": "required-tags",
    "Source": {
      "Owner": "AWS",
      "SourceIdentifier": "REQUIRED_TAGS"
    },
    "InputParameters": "{\"tag1Key\":\"Environment\",\"tag1Value\":\"Production,Staging,Development\"}"
  }'

Azure Policy Assignment:

New-AzPolicyAssignment \
  -Name "Require-Tags-Policy" \
  -PolicyDefinition $policyDef \
  -Scope "/subscriptions/SUBSCRIPTION_ID"

Google Cloud Organization Policies:

constraint: constraints/compute.requireLabels
listPolicy:
  requiredValues:
    - "environment"
    - "application"
    - "owner"

3. Tools dan Automation #

Automation adalah kunci untuk migration yang consistent, repeatable, dan scalable. Manual migration processes tidak sustainable untuk enterprise-scale projects.

Migration Tools (Multi-Cloud):

Database Migration Tools:

AWS Database Migration Service (DMS):

# Create replication instance
aws dms create-replication-instance \
  --replication-instance-identifier migration-instance \
  --replication-instance-class dms.t3.medium \
  --allocated-storage 100 \
  --vpc-security-group-ids sg-12345678

# Create source endpoint
aws dms create-endpoint \
  --endpoint-identifier source-mysql \
  --endpoint-type source \
  --engine-name mysql \
  --server-name source.mysql.com \
  --port 3306 \
  --username migration_user \
  --password migration_password

# Create target endpoint
aws dms create-endpoint \
  --endpoint-identifier target-rds \
  --endpoint-type target \
  --engine-name mysql \
  --server-name target.rds.amazonaws.com \
  --port 3306 \
  --username admin \
  --password admin_password

Azure Database Migration Service:

# Create migration service
New-AzDataMigrationService \
  -ResourceGroupName "Migration-RG" \
  -Name "MigrationService" \
  -Location "East US" \
  -Sku "Premium_4vCores"

# Create migration project
New-AzDataMigrationProject \
  -ResourceGroupName "Migration-RG" \
  -ServiceName "MigrationService" \
  -ProjectName "DatabaseMigration" \
  -Location "East US" \
  -SourcePlatform "SQL" \
  -TargetPlatform "SQLMI"

Google Cloud Database Migration Service:

# Create migration job
gcloud database migration migration-jobs create mysql-migration \
  --region=us-central1 \
  --destination-connection-profile=target-cloudsql \
  --source-connection-profile=source-mysql \
  --vm-instance-machine-type=n1-standard-2

Server Migration Tools:

AWS Application Migration Service (MGN):

# Install replication agent
wget -O ./aws-replication-installer-init.py https://aws-application-migration-service-us-east-1.s3.amazonaws.com/latest/linux/aws-replication-installer-init.py

sudo python3 aws-replication-installer-init.py \
  --region us-east-1 \
  --aws-access-key-id AKIA... \
  --aws-secret-access-key ...

Azure Migrate:

# Download Azure Migrate appliance
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://aka.ms/migrate/appliance/vmware" \
  -OutFile "AzureMigrateAppliance.ova"

# Register appliance
Register-AzMigrateProject \
  -ResourceGroupName "Migration-RG" \
  -ProjectName "AzureMigrateProject" \
  -Location "East US"

Google Cloud Migrate for Compute Engine:

# Create migration source
gcloud compute os-config guest-policies create migration-policy \
  --file=migration-policy.yaml

# Start migration wave
gcloud compute sole-tenancy node-groups create migration-nodes \
  --node-template=migration-template \
  --target-size=3 \
  --zone=us-central1-a

Infrastructure as Code (Multi-Cloud):

Terraform Multi-Cloud Example:

# Provider configurations
provider "aws" {
  region = "us-east-1"
}

provider "azurerm" {
  features {}
}

provider "google" {
  project = var.gcp_project_id
  region  = "us-central1"
}

# AWS VPC
resource "aws_vpc" "migration_vpc" {
  cidr_block           = "10.0.0.0/16"
  enable_dns_hostnames = true
  enable_dns_support   = true

  tags = {
    Name        = "Migration-VPC"
    Environment = "Production"
    Project     = "CloudMigration"
  }
}

# Azure Virtual Network
resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "migration_vnet" {
  name                = "migration-vnet"
  address_space       = ["10.1.0.0/16"]
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.migration.location
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.migration.name

  tags = {
    Environment = "Production"
    Project     = "CloudMigration"
  }
}

# Google Cloud VPC
resource "google_compute_network" "migration_vpc" {
  name                    = "migration-vpc"
  auto_create_subnetworks = false
  mtu                     = 1460
}

AWS CloudFormation Template:

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Description: 'Migration infrastructure template'

Parameters:
  Environment:
    Type: String
    Default: Production
    AllowedValues: [Production, Staging, Development]

Resources:
  MigrationVPC:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC
    Properties:
      CidrBlock: 10.0.0.0/16
      EnableDnsHostnames: true
      EnableDnsSupport: true
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: !Sub "${Environment}-Migration-VPC"
        - Key: Environment
          Value: !Ref Environment

  PrivateSubnet:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref MigrationVPC
      CidrBlock: 10.0.1.0/24
      AvailabilityZone: !Select [0, !GetAZs '']
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: !Sub "${Environment}-Private-Subnet"

Configuration Management:

Ansible Playbook for Multi-Cloud:

---
- name: Configure migrated servers
  hosts: all
  become: yes
  vars:
    environment: ""
    
  tasks:
    - name: Update system packages
      package:
        name: "*"
        state: latest
      when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"

    - name: Install monitoring agent
      script: install_monitoring_agent.sh
      args:
        creates: /opt/monitoring/agent

    - name: Configure application
      template:
        src: app.conf.j2
        dest: /etc/app/config.conf
        backup: yes
      notify: restart application

    - name: Configure cloud-specific settings
      include_tasks: "_config.yml"
      when: ansible_cloud_provider is defined

  handlers:
    - name: restart application
      service:
        name: myapp
        state: restarted

CI/CD Pipeline for Migration:

GitLab CI Pipeline:

stages:
  - validate
  - plan
  - deploy
  - test
  - cleanup

variables:
  TF_ROOT: "${CI_PROJECT_DIR}/terraform"
  TF_STATE_NAME: "${CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME}"

before_script:
  - cd ${TF_ROOT}
  - terraform init -backend-config="key=${TF_STATE_NAME}.tfstate"

validate:
  stage: validate
  script:
    - terraform validate
    - terraform fmt -check
  only:
    - merge_requests
    - main

plan:
  stage: plan
  script:
    - terraform plan -out=plan.cache
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - ${TF_ROOT}/plan.cache
    expire_in: 7 days
  only:
    - main

deploy:
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - terraform apply plan.cache
  dependencies:
    - plan
  when: manual
  only:
    - main

migration_test:
  stage: test
  script:
    - python3 migration_tests.py
    - ansible-playbook -i inventory/production test_connectivity.yml
  only:
    - main

cleanup:
  stage: cleanup
  script:
    - terraform destroy -auto-approve
  when: manual
  only:
    - main

Monitoring dan Observability Setup:

Multi-Cloud Monitoring Stack:

Prometheus Configuration:

global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s

rule_files:
  - "migration_rules.yml"

alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          - alertmanager:9093

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'aws-instances'
    ec2_sd_configs:
      - region: us-east-1
        port: 9100
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_ec2_tag_Environment]
        target_label: environment
      - source_labels: [__meta_ec2_tag_Application]
        target_label: application

  - job_name: 'azure-instances'
    azure_sd_configs:
      - subscription_id: "subscription-id"
        tenant_id: "tenant-id"
        client_id: "client-id"
        client_secret: "client-secret"
        port: 9100

  - job_name: 'gcp-instances'
    gce_sd_configs:
      - project: 'project-id'
        zone: 'us-central1-a'
        port: 9100

Migration-Specific Alerts:

groups:
  - name: migration_alerts
    rules:
      - alert: MigrationHighLatency
        expr: http_request_duration_seconds{quantile="0.95"} > 0.5
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "High latency detected during migration"
          description: "Application  has high latency"

      - alert: MigrationErrorRate
        expr: rate(http_requests_total{status=~"5.."}[5m]) > 0.1
        for: 2m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "High error rate during migration"
          description: "Error rate is  for "

      - alert: DatabaseConnectionFailure
        expr: up{job="database"} == 0
        for: 1m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "Database connection failure"
          description: "Database  is unreachable"

Fase Eksekusi #

1. Pilot Migration #

Scope Terbatas:

Checklist Pilot:

2. Production Migration #

Pre-Migration:

# Database backup
mysqldump -u root -p database_name > backup.sql

# Application state backup
tar -czf app_backup.tar.gz /path/to/application

# Configuration backup
cp -r /etc/app-config /backup/config

Migration Execution:

  1. Maintenance window communication
  2. Final data sync
  3. Application cutover
  4. DNS switchover
  5. Functionality validation
  6. Performance monitoring

Post-Migration:

3. Data Migration Strategies #

Database Migration:

For Large Databases:

# AWS DMS example
aws dms create-replication-instance \
  --replication-instance-identifier myrepinstance \
  --replication-instance-class dms.t2.micro

For Application Data:

Monitoring dan Validasi #

1. Key Metrics #

Performance Metrics:

Business Metrics:

Cost Metrics:

2. Monitoring Setup #

Infrastructure Monitoring:

# CloudWatch example
MetricFilters:
  - FilterName: ErrorCount
    FilterPattern: "[timestamp, request_id, level=\"ERROR\"]"
    MetricTransformations:
      - MetricNamespace: "Application/Logs"
        MetricName: "ErrorCount"

Application Monitoring:

Skenario Khusus #

Cloud-to-Cloud Migration #

Tambahan Considerations:

Tools Khusus:

On-Premise to Cloud #

Network Considerations:

Legacy Application Challenges:

Common Pitfalls dan Mitigasi #

1. Underestimating Complexity #

Masalah:

Mitigasi:

2. Inadequate Testing #

Masalah:

Mitigasi:

3. Poor Change Management #

Masalah:

Mitigasi:

Fokus Area Kritis #

1. Security #

Non-Negotiable:

2. Performance #

Monitoring Kontinyu:

3. Cost Management #

Ongoing Activities:

Metrics Keberhasilan #

Technical Success Metrics #

Business Success Metrics #

Post-Migration Activities #

1. Optimization #

Cost Optimization:

Performance Optimization:

2. Governance #

Ongoing Processes:

Kesimpulan #

Migrasi cloud yang sukses memerlukan pendekatan sistematis dengan fokus pada perencanaan detail, eksekusi bertahap, dan monitoring berkelanjutan. Kunci utamanya adalah:

  1. Assessment yang menyeluruh - Pahami sepenuhnya apa yang akan dimigrasikan
  2. Planning yang realistis - Buat timeline dan budget yang reasonable
  3. Testing yang comprehensive - Test everything, trust nothing
  4. Execution yang bertahap - Migrate in waves, not big bang
  5. Monitoring yang berkelanjutan - Keep watching everything

Ingat, migrasi cloud bukan project yang berakhir setelah go-live. Ini adalah beginning dari cloud journey yang memerlukan continuous improvement dan optimization. Yang terpenting, jangan terburu-buru dan selalu prepare untuk rollback scenario jika something goes wrong.

Troubleshooting Common Issues #

Performance Degradation Post-Migration:

Data Consistency Issues:

Network Connectivity Problems:

Application Integration Failures:

Key Success Factors #

Technical Excellence #

  1. Comprehensive Planning: 60% of migration success depends on upfront planning
  2. Automation First: Manual processes don’t scale and introduce human errors
  3. Testing Everything: If it’s not tested, it will fail in production
  4. Monitoring from Day Zero: Observability must be built-in, not bolted-on

Organizational Readiness #

  1. Executive Sponsorship: Migration needs strong leadership support
  2. Cross-functional Teams: Include business stakeholders, not just technical teams
  3. Change Management: User training and communication are critical
  4. Risk Management: Have contingency plans for every major component

Process Discipline #

  1. Wave-based Approach: Never attempt big-bang migrations
  2. Documentation Standards: Every decision and configuration must be documented
  3. Communication Cadence: Regular updates to all stakeholders
  4. Continuous Improvement: Learn from each wave and improve the next

Final Reality Check #

Migrasi cloud yang sukses memerlukan:

Yang tidak boleh dikompromi:

Yang bisa difleksibel:

Ingat: Migration adalah marathon, bukan sprint. Success diukur tidak hanya dari technical metrics, tapi juga business outcomes dan user satisfaction. Plan carefully, execute methodically, monitor continuously.

Tidak ada silver bullet dalam migrasi cloud. Yang ada adalah hard work, proper planning, execution yang disciplined, dan team yang committed untuk success jangka panjang.